Python:通过自定义系统级快捷键来控制程序开始或停止记录日志(使用小技巧解决一个貌似无解的问题)

在之前写的一篇《Python:监控键盘输入、鼠标操作，并将捕获到的信息记录到文件中》文章中，有个读者留言如下：

这看似一个很平常的需求，但实现起来并不容易，如果用快捷键来控制一个程序干些别的事情那是非常容易的，但关键是本程序刚好是用hook来监控键盘，所以必须使用PumpMessages()，而此函数使用当前程序进入消息循环，它抓取每个鼠标和键盘事件。当我们的程序跑起来后，按下停止的热键时，也被此函数捕获，所以定义的任何热键均不能生效，具体实现及测试在文章《Python:通过自定义系统级快捷键来控制程序运行》中有所描述。

现在，我们换一个思路，既然已经监控到了按键，那就判断当前的按键是不是预先定义的热键，如果是，则可调用自己的处理函数，这样就找到了一个控制的入口，可以通过它实现我们想要的功能，注意此时不能让程序调用os.exit(0)让程序退出，否则再次按启动热键时就没法玩了。具体实现如下，代码中有详细注释，不再一一解释。

一、代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pythoncom
import pyHook
import time
import pyhk
import os
import sys
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import win32con
import win32api 


class CInspectKeyAndMouseEvent:
    '''
    Function:键盘和鼠标监控类
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-09
    ''' 
    def __init__(self, filename):
        '初始化'
        self.filename = filename
        
    def open_file(self):
        '打开文件'
        self.fobj = open(self.filename,  'w') 
        
    def close_file(self):
        '关闭文件'
        self.fobj.close()    
        
    def IsNotWriteLog(self):
        '是否记录日志'
        return  self.bFlag   
        
    def IsExitCommand(self, event):
        '''
                     是否当前按下了程序定义的热键'
                      如果按下了ALT+F2，将记录日志的状态位置为True,不记录日志,
                     如果按下了ALT+F1，将记录日志状态位置为False,表示记录日志
        '''
        if event.Alt == 32 and str(event.Key) == 'F2':
            self.bFlag = True
            print time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))+ ' stop write log'
        elif  event.Alt == 32 and str(event.Key) == 'F1':  
            self.bFlag = False 
            print time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))+ ' start write log'
        
    def onMouseEvent(self, event):      
        "处理鼠标事件"
        
        #判断是否要记录日志
        if self.IsNotWriteLog():
            return True
        
        self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'MouseEvent Begin' + '-' * 20 + '\n')
        self.fobj.writelines("Current Time:%s\n" % time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time())))
        self.fobj.writelines("MessageName:%s\n" % str(event.MessageName))
        self.fobj.writelines("Message:%d\n" % event.Message)
        self.fobj.writelines("Time_sec:%d\n" % event.Time)
        self.fobj.writelines("Window:%s\n" % str(event.Window))
        self.fobj.writelines("WindowName:%s\n" % str(event.WindowName))
        self.fobj.writelines("Position:%s\n" % str(event.Position))
        self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'MouseEvent End' + '-' * 20 + '\n')
        return True
    
    def onKeyboardEvent(self, event): 
        
        #处理按下的热键
        self.IsExitCommand(event)
        
        #判断是否要记录日志
        if self.IsNotWriteLog():
            return True       
            
        self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'Keyboard Begin' + '-' * 20 + '\n')
        self.fobj.writelines("Current Time:%s\n" % time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time())))
        self.fobj.writelines("MessageName:%s\n" % str(event.MessageName))
        self.fobj.writelines("Message:%d\n" % event.Message)
        self.fobj.writelines("Time:%d\n" % event.Time)
        self.fobj.writelines("Window:%s\n" % str(event.Window))
        self.fobj.writelines("WindowName:%s\n" % str(event.WindowName))
        self.fobj.writelines("Ascii_code: %d\n" % event.Ascii)
        self.fobj.writelines("Ascii_char:%s\n" % chr(event.Ascii))
        self.fobj.writelines("Key:%s\n" % str(event.Key))
        self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'Keyboard End' + '-' * 20 + '\n')
        return True
    
    #默认记录
    bFlag = False
            
        

def InspectKeyAndMouseEvent():
    "启动监控"
    my_event = CInspectKeyAndMouseEvent("D:\\hook_log.txt")
    my_event.open_file()
     
    #创建hook句柄
    hm = pyHook.HookManager()
    
    #监控键盘
    hm.KeyDown = my_event.onKeyboardEvent
    hm.HookKeyboard()
    
    #监控鼠标
    hm.MouseAll = my_event.onMouseEvent
    hm.HookMouse()
    
    #循环获取消息
    pythoncom.PumpMessages()
    my_event.close_file()             
     
def handle_start_InspecEvent():
    "开始监控（按下Ctrl + F1）"
    print time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))+ ' start write log'
    InspectKeyAndMouseEvent()

#def handle_stop_InspecEvent():
#    "停止监控  (按下Ctrl + F2)"
#    InspectKeyAndMouseEvent(False)   
        
          
if __name__ == "__main__":     
    '''
    Function:通过快捷键控制程序运行
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-09
    '''  
    
    byref = ctypes.byref
    user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
    
    #定义快捷键
    HOTKEYS = {
               1 : (win32con.VK_F1, win32con.MOD_ALT)
#               2 : (win32con.VK_F2, win32con.MOD_ALT)
               }

    #快捷键对应的驱动函数
    HOTKEY_ACTIONS = {
        1 : handle_start_InspecEvent,
#        2 : handle_stop_InspecEvent
        }    

    #注册快捷键
    for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
        if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
            print "Unable to register id", id    
    
    #启动监听        
    try:
        msg = wintypes.MSG ()
        while user32.GetMessageA (byref (msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
            if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
                action_to_take = HOTKEY_ACTIONS.get (msg.wParam)
                if action_to_take:
                    action_to_take ()

            user32.TranslateMessage (byref (msg))
            user32.DispatchMessageA (byref (msg))

    finally:
        for id in HOTKEYS.keys ():
            user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id) 
    

二、测试：

1、以下打印是按下热键时控制台输出（支持当前程序不是非激活窗口下按下热键）

2、日志内容：

可以看到，在23:16:58停止记录日志后，至23:17:05重新开始记录之前，所有的键盘和鼠标输入均没有记录，达到预期效果。

--------------------MouseEvent Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:16:57]:
MessageName:mouse move
Message:512
Time_sec:12542031
Window:328916
WindowName:FolderView
Position:(737, 438)
--------------------MouseEvent End--------------------
--------------------Keyboard Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:16:58]:
MessageName:key sys down
Message:260
Time:12542890
Window:1639322
WindowName:本地磁盘 (D:)
Ascii_code: 0
Ascii_char:
Key:Lmenu
--------------------Keyboard End--------------------
--------------------Keyboard Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:05]:
MessageName:key sys down
Message:260
Time:12550015
Window:1639322
WindowName:本地磁盘 (D:)
Ascii_code: 0
Ascii_char:
Key:F1
--------------------Keyboard End--------------------
--------------------MouseEvent Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:06]:
MessageName:mouse move
Message:512
Time_sec:12551000
Window:328916
WindowName:FolderView
Position:(720, 420)
--------------------MouseEvent End--------------------
--------------------MouseEvent Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:06]:
MessageName:mouse move
Message:512
Time_sec:12551015
Window:328916
WindowName:FolderView
Position:(719, 420)
--------------------MouseEvent End--------------------